F Jin, X Tao, H Wu, L Wu

Abstract

Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) is a relatively rare but severe respiratory disease in children, characterised by softening and morphological changes of the trachea and bronchi, leading to respiratory distress. The aetiology of this disease remains poorly understood, and the absence of distinctive clinical features often leads to misdiagnosis. Bronchoscopy plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and management of TBM. Although most cases of TBM are self-limiting, some children require clinical intervention. This article aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the latest advances in the diagnosis and management of TBM.